189 vs 190 vs 491
| Feature | 189 (Independent) | 190 (State Nominated) | 491 (Regional) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nomination | None | State/territory | State/territory or family |
| Extra points | 0 | +5 | +15 |
| PR status | Permanent immediately | Permanent immediately | Provisional (5 years) → PR via 191 |
| Where you can live | Anywhere | Nominating state (commitment) | Designated regional area |
| Best for | High-points, in-demand occupations | Occupations on state lists | Regional-ready applicants |
Which subclass should you target?
If your points are high and your occupation is on the relevant list, 189 gives the most freedom. If you are a few points short, 190 (+5) or 491 (+15) can lift you over the line — provided you meet the state's occupation and commitment requirements. The 491 is a provisional visa that leads to PR (subclass 191) after meeting regional work/residence conditions.
State nomination reality
State and territory occupation lists and requirements change frequently and can have limited places. A strong, well-documented EOI and the right state choice matter. We track which states are nominating your occupation and position your EOI accordingly.
Frequently asked questions
Is 491 worth it if it's not permanent?
For many applicants, yes. The 491 adds 15 points, opens more occupations, and leads to permanent residency (subclass 191) after you meet the regional living and income requirements. It is often the fastest route for applicants who are a little short on points.
Can I move states after a 190 visa?
The 190 involves a moral commitment to live in the nominating state, usually for around two years. While it is not a hard visa condition in the same way as regional requirements, you should honour the commitment you make in your nomination.
Do all three need a skills assessment?
Yes. All points-tested skilled visas require a positive skills assessment from the relevant assessing authority for your nominated occupation before you submit your EOI.
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